23.阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。(60分)
“本手、妙手、俗手”是围棋的三个术语。本手是指合乎棋理的正规下法;妙手是指出人意料的精妙下法;俗手是指貌似合理,而从全局看通常会受损的下法。对于初学者而言,应该从本手开始,本手的功夫扎实了,棋力才会提高。一些初学者热衷于追求妙手,而忽视更为常用的本手。本手是基础,妙手是创造。一般来说,对本手理解深刻,才可能出现妙手;否则,难免下出俗手,水平也不易提升。
以上材料对我们颇具启示意义。请结合材料写一篇文章,体现你的感悟与思考。
要求:选准角度,确定立意,明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭;不得泄露个人信息;不少于800字。
嗜棋的人,都尊奉棋道。弈棋不只是遣发时光,或者街头博彩,而从棋之术,升格为人之道了。
而围棋里的本手、妙手、俗手就有一番道道。本手筑基培根,妙手出奇制敌,俗手献丑露拙。因而执棋落子,忌讳本手不稳,避免妙手不精,防止俗手不堪。
三个围棋术语的启迪,可以类比颇多,见诸百行:书法临古帖,画师摹丹青,练武蹲马步,京剧练唱腔,还有语文重读写……大抵如“三手”。
比如达·芬奇,也要先学本手,画几万个鸡蛋,若提笔就画蒙娜丽莎,估计她笑得比哭难看;比如太极大师马保国,云手单鞭没练扎实,只想速成“闪电五连鞭”,看起来有迅雷不及掩耳盗铃之势,结果被不讲武德之人几秒击倒,俗手笑翻武术界。
我们和语文打交道的都知道,语文门道似也不高深,也含了本、妙、俗的理。筑牢了读写之“本”,万“妙”皆不离其宗,“俗”了也不至太坏。
先说学习语文的。现在的孩子,一天到晚“理综胜”“韦神附体”,迫于形势那也没错,但学语文也只想刷题背模板玩套路,平时基本不读书,除了考试不作文,估计面对“三手”这种题,真会“无从下手”了。
再说研究语文的。教改时代,云集大咖。他们已经站到语文金字塔尖,学问高自不必说。但似乎都不那么重本手,争着出妙手,于是弄出了一大堆概念、术语:整本书阅读、学习任务群、思辨阅读写作、单元视域群文教学……所到之处,掷果盈车,粉丝尖叫。这些并非没道理,但一课程化就成了新的框框。似乎玩不转几个概念的,枉称了专家;不按照概念玩的老师,就是个教书匠。其实,语文还是要回到读写听说的本上,少一点假拓展、伪探究,别把大好母语玩成了玄学。
还比如,高考作文题难命,不过还是有不少妙手。比如“给老陈写信”“唇印巴掌印”“管鲍齐桓公”等等,妙在回归了学生之“本”、作文之“本”、语文能力之“本”。不过今年被吐槽太难的全国甲卷作文,里子不新但尚好,要学生读书初衷也对,其实实诚出个本手即可,但硬是跑到红楼大观园借个貂皮大氅,考哭了考生,唬住了家长,却让语文老师们一把揪住,不就是个“借鉴”和“独创”吗?妙手不成,反倒落个不好好说话的“俗手”之嫌。
最后是教语文的。每年语文科考完个把小时,网络的“名师下水”,就刷爆朋友圈。说真心话,下水不易,勇气可嘉,不管如何都值得尊重,确也不乏好文章,想他们也是多年饱读群书、深耕本手,才有如此妙手。但也有名师不慎漏了俗手。比如有的写偏了题,有的犯了常识性错误,有的来几个整饬铺排分论点、文采斐然排比段,或者“君子务本”“本立道生”后装个套子设个模子。三年前,浙江一位知名特级老师,因为仓促下水,酿成了被作家痛批“回炉再造”、圈内语文人纷纷补刀的溺水事故。可见,名师们更要练本手、防俗手。
总而言之,无论是下棋对弈,还是学语习文,或是更高层次的青春有为、家国同构、民族复兴,都要立足本手,夯实基础,久久为功……
写到这,我觉得我的文章已经明显偏题离题,无疑也成了俗手。还好我非名师,还有机会学习充电,所以我赶紧翻开红楼固固本,喝杯蒙牛培培元。
在围棋的厮杀中,妙手往往令人惊叹,也让棋手心向往之,但于初学者而言,若无本手为基,欲求其妙,反得乎俗。本者,根也。本手是初学者的基本功,也是妙手的前提条件。筑牢本手之基础,才有妙手之创造。
围棋之道,亦是人生之道。凡事当夯实根基,方可守正出新。
以坚实的基础为底座,创造才不会无所依凭。基础研究助力科学创造,“牛顿”们正是以跬步之积,练就了扎实的科研基本功,才可能站在前人的肩膀上发明创造,实现“万有引力”“相对论”等理论创新。文学创作须以丰富的阅读积累和生活体验作为基础,苦练本手,扎根生活,遵循创作规律,才有可能拥有生花妙笔。科学、文学如此,其他领域亦然。
若轻视本手,尚未夯实基础时,便急于出奇出新,难免出现俗手。前段时间引发争议后被叫停的“洗衣液奶茶”便是一则明证。于商品而言,追求质量才是本手,才是正道。若只在包装上求新求奇,短期内也许可以收割一波红利,但在消费者的信任被一次次透支后,企业形象将受到损害,最终得不偿失。物如是,人亦然。对于年轻演员来说,扎实的基本功是他们应追求的本手,若不以演技为本,用炒作来吸引流量,看似走了一条无须苦练基本功的新路,实则是用了一招影响前途的俗手。
这样自诩“妙手”,实乃“俗手”的现象并不少见。躬身自省,我们是否也曾或正处于热衷于追求妙手的初学者阶段呢?求学之初,急功近利,不愿背记基础知识,盲目相信市面上所谓的“高分秘籍”;刚入社会,好高骛远,不肯扎实做事,将旁门左道视作升职加薪的敲门砖。殊不知,妙手并非天成,也非投机取巧所能得。
作为人生初学者的青年们,须以本手为基石,戒骄戒躁。本手的特点是合乎棋理,遵守常规。在工作中,修炼本手在于掌握基本规律和技能,练好基本功;在学习中,修炼本手不等于机械背记和海量刷题,而在于遵循学习之法,重视基础知识和基本能力。正如《中庸》所言,“君子之道,辟如行远必自迩,辟如登高必自卑。”青年学子欲成一番伟业,必先修炼本手。
夯实本手之基后,应以妙手为追求,守正出新。妙手的特点在于新奇精妙,追求妙手,须有打破常规的创造性思维,但不可一味求奇,失去根基。《唐宫夜宴》《只此青绿》等出圈爆款以传统文化为底色,激活了观众心中的中华文化基因。“祝融”探火、“羲和”逐日,这些航天成就让创新的光芒闪耀太空,奏响了科技强国的美好乐章。“惟创新者进,惟创新者强,惟创新者胜”,吾辈青年应勇于尝试,踔厉奋发,走在创新前列。
当今世界波诡云谲,恰如棋局,执棋的我们既不可盲目求新、忽视基础,也不能因循守旧、故步自封,当以本手为基,出妙手之新,在积蓄实力的同时勇于创新,成就中华民族的复兴伟业。
众妙之门
君子务本究理,本立而妙生道
万物究其本,“本”扎万丈深根,根实能铸参天桢干;“本”筑肯构之基,底固能建磅礴穹顶;“本”砌高山之石,石厚能累巍峨雄奇。故借题浅谈围棋三手,溯本循弈棋之道。
第四部分 写作(共两节、满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华,请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括:
1.节目介绍;
2.访谈的时间和话题。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.
......
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. |
How about your weekend camping with your friends? You might have noticed an English program called “Talk and Talk” aired once a week in our school broadcasting station.
As the host of the program, I am writing to invite you to have a live interview at our studio. Since you are such an enthusiastic environmentalist, would you please share your experience and knowledge as an eco-tourist? I think our audiences will be greatly interested and inspired. If you could kindly approve my request, I would like to meet you at the school cafeteria at 1 pm next Monday, when the program is scheduled.
I am looking forward to your reply and a pleasant interview!
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. “You want to drop out?” I broke the ice. “ Not really! But I hate to make our school lose!” he murmured. I held his bony shoulders and looked into his eyes, capturing his struggle but also passion for the run. I assured him that he could make it since he had trained so hard. He hesitated for a while and showed me a typical David’s smile. He promised that he would dream big and try his best as long as I stood by him. I encouraged him with a high five and gestured him to join his classmates.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. As expected, the way he walked did draw much attention from runners from other schools. Some of them even began to sneer and jeer. The coach got a bit awkward and glanced at me. I came up to him and asked him to remind the students of the strategies. I myself shouted to the runners, especially to David: “Trust each other and just do it”. At the starting gunshot, all the runners dashed forward with great speed. Although lagging behind at first, David kept running steadily. As time clicked by, David surpassed many other runners, who couldn’t help cheering for him. In the end, David finished the run, helping our school stand out with his confidence and determination.